1. Origin, Composition, and Molecular Architecture
1.1 Natural Resource and Biochemical Profile
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Animal protein-based lathering agents are derived mostly from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from slaughterhouse spin-offs such as hooves, horns, bones, and hides.
Through controlled alkaline or chemical hydrolysis, these architectural proteins are broken down right into amphiphilic polypeptides abundant in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which have both hydrophilic (– NH TWO,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) useful groups.
This double affinity enables the particles to adsorb efficiently at air– water user interfaces during mechanical aeration, minimizing surface stress and supporting bubble development– a crucial demand for generating uniform cellular concrete.
Unlike artificial surfactants, pet healthy protein lathering representatives are biodegradable, non-toxic, and display superb compatibility with Rose city concrete systems due to their ionic nature and modest pH buffering ability.
The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysate– generally between 500 and 10,000 Da– straight influences foam stability, drainage price, and bubble size, making process control throughout hydrolysis vital for regular performance.
1.2 Foam Generation Mechanism and Microstructure Control
When thinned down with water (commonly at ratios of 1:20 to 1:30) and introduced into a foam generator, the protein service forms a viscoelastic film around entrained air bubbles under high-shear problems.
This film resists coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven growth of bigger bubbles at the expenditure of smaller ones– by creating a mechanically robust interfacial layer reinforced via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic communications.
The resulting foam displays high growth proportions (normally 15– 25:1) and low drain prices (
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